Get a smoother finish with these drywall sanding tips and techniques

Among the many critical phases of drywall installation — from specifying the appropriate finish level to correctly embedding paper tape and applying joint compound — sanding plays a key role in achieving a smooth, uniform surface. Improper sanding compromises surface quality and can also undermine the integrity of prior work, leading to lost time, increased labor costs and material waste.

Implementing efficient, well-informed sanding techniques is essential to achieving optimal finish quality. By selecting the correct sanding tools, following disciplined application methods and using performance-grade materials, professionals can reduce airborne dust, streamline workflows and produce a consistent, high-quality surface.

Let’s explore more.

Wet sanding vs. dry sanding

One of the first decisions to make when sanding drywall is whether to use a wet or a dry sanding method. Dry sanding is generally faster and more aggressive but produces significantly more dust. Wet sanding, alternatively, uses a damp sponge to smooth the surface, minimizing dust but taking more time and effort.

3 advantages of wet sanding

• Minimal dust: The damp sponge traps particles before they become airborne, making for a cleaner job site.
• Gentler on surfaces: Less risk of over-sanding or damaging drywall paper.
• Ideal for touch-ups: Great for smoothing out small imperfections in tight corners or along edges.

3 advantages of dry sanding

• Faster compound removal: Dry sanding is quicker for removing larger imperfections or leveling joint compound.
• Easier to see progress: The dry surface helps you visually assess flatness and texture.
• Better suited for larger projects: Tools such as pole sanders and orbital sanders make dry sanding more efficient for big projects.

Pole sander vs. orbital sander

Choosing between a pole sander and an orbital sander depends on the size of the project, the desired finish and your comfort level with each tool.

• Pole sander: A manual tool with a long handle, ideal for reaching ceilings and high walls, a pole sander offers more control and reduces the risk of over-sanding, but it requires more physical effort and can be slower than powered options.

• Orbital sander: A power tool that delivers speed and consistent motion, an orbital sander is efficient for large surfaces. It can significantly cut down on labor time but requires a careful hand to avoid gouging the drywall or tearing the drywall paper. Many models can attach to a vacuum for better dust control.

5 drywall sanding tips to save time

When it comes to sanding smarter — not harder — success hinges on preventing mistakes and using the right tools at the right time.

1. Apply thinner layers: Applying thinner coats of joint compound reduces the amount of sanding needed later. Plus, thinner layers are less likely to crack or shrink, and they dry faster.

• Requires less sanding overall

• Reduces risk of imperfections

• Minimizes dust and mess

2. Choose the right sandpaper for the project: Sandpaper grit affects how quickly and effectively you can smooth out drywall.

• Manual sanding: Start with 100–120 grit. Then, move to 150–220 grit for finish work.

• Power sanding: Use finer grits to prevent over-sanding.

• Avoid anything under 100 grit: It’s too aggressive and can damage drywall.

3. Use a sponge to sand curves and corners: Sanding sponges are flexible and ideal for corners, curves and detailed areas that are difficult to reach with rigid tools.

• Avoids gouging corners

• Allows for better control and precision

• Durable and long-lasting compared to sandpaper

4. Fill imperfections instead of sanding: Trying to sand deep imperfections is inefficient. Instead, apply joint compound to fill them, let it dry and then sand lightly.

• Saves time and effort

• Creates a smoother, more consistent surface

• Prevents visible damage post-sanding

5. Take the time to perfect your mudding technique: Flawless mudding reduces the need for extensive sanding. Aim for thin, even coats and clean knife edges.

Tips for better mudding

• Use a wide knife for final coats.

• Feather the edges with each pass.

• Let each layer dry completely before the next.

• Scrape ridges immediately before they harden.

How to reduce airborne dust while sanding

Even when using the right tools and implementing best practices, the drywall sanding process will create dust, which can impact indoor air quality and is time-consuming and labor intensive when it comes to cleanup.

While OSHA doesn't have a specific regulation for drywall sanding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), its general requirements for respiratory and eye protection still apply. To minimize dust exposure, ensure proper ventilation, wear appropriate PPE such as a dust mask or respirator and use sanding tools equipped with dust collection attachments.

An affiliate of National Gypsum Company, ProForm Finishing Products manufactures two joint compounds designed to create a better working environment and cleaner job sites by reducing airborne dust by up to 60%.

• ProForm^® All Purpose with Dust-Tech^® — An all-purpose vinyl-base ready mix joint compound specifically formulated to reduce airborne dust while sanding, which is suitable for all phases of drywall finishing, texturing, patching and renovations.

• ProForm^® Lite Blue^® with Dust-Tech^® — A lightweight all-purpose compound that offers the same features and benefits as standard joint compound, but is 30% lighter, easier to sand and produces less airborne dust.

These specially formulated joint compounds are designed for tape application, fastener spotting and complete joint finishing of gypsum board.

Additional benefits

• Resists mold growth — per ASTM G21 score of 0 (best) and ASTM D3273 score of 10 (best)

• Sands without clogging sandpaper

• Ready to use right from the container once mixed

• Has low VOC content — less than 2 grams/liter (download UL GREENGUARD Gold certificates)

While Dust-Tech can be used on projects of all types, it’s typically used where cleanliness and indoor air quality are a high priority, including healthcare facilities, schools and data centers.

Finish strong with smarter sanding

Sanding drywall doesn’t have to be a dreaded, dust-filled chore. By refining your technique, selecting the right materials and making smart tool choices, you can cut down on both effort and cleanup while achieving smooth, paint-ready walls.

ProForm products are the go-to choice for professionals seeking superior bonding and reliable set times, ensuring top-tier results even for the most intricate projects. To learn how ProForm products deliver industry-leading performance, visit the ProForm website.